Smart Thermostat Integration – Thermostats control the heating and cooling of a space. Smart thermostats use algorithms and sensors to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions.
Research Associates: Barbara Rodriguez Droguett, Alex Michelko, Aven Satre-Meloy; Senior Associate: Ryan F. Allard; Executive Director: Chad Frischmann
Smart Thermostat Integration
We predict that smart thermostats could expand from 3 percent to 55–59 percent of homes with internet access by 2050, increasing energy efficiency in 1.4–1.5 billion homes. Reduced energy consumption could prevent 6.91–7.25 gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions for an investment of US$162.48–181.41 billion. The return on investment is high: smart thermostats can save their owners $1.79–2.02 trillion on utility bills over the lifetime of the units.
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The built environment accounts for a significant share of global energy use and costs, and there is significant room for improvement in how the energy used to heat and cool buildings is managed, particularly in the residential sector.
Thermostats require manual operation or presets to adjust temperatures to meet changing needs. Smart thermostats reduce the need for human intervention and thus contribute to predictable energy savings.
Smart thermostats connect to the internet to control settings from anywhere. They collect and analyze data over time and adjust demand accordingly. They analyze occupancy, learn about residents’ preferences, and drive users toward more efficient behavior. Passengers can still turn the temperature up and down, but the devices remember preferences and memorize routines to increase efficiency. Some also reduce consumption during periods of peak energy use, peak prices and peak emissions. Overall, they save 10–15 percent of energy demand while improving comfort and convenience.
The Project’s Smart Thermostats solution uses networked devices in homes that reduce home heating and cooling needs by using sensors and smart settings to maintain building comfort. This solution replaces traditional home thermostats.
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Much of the energy-saving benefits of smart thermostats require the Internet, so we used the number of Internet-connected homes for the entire accessible market. We calculated this by estimating the relationship between the number of households with internet access and average gross domestic product (GDP) per capita using data from the UN and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). We then used projections of GDP per capita to predict how the number of households with internet would change between 2020 and 2050.
Current adoption of smart thermostats (defined as the amount of functional demand supplied in 2018, with 2014 as the base year) is approximately 3 percent of the global market, primarily in the US and Europe (37 million homes).
We calculated the impact of increasing the use of smart thermostats from 2020 to 2050 by comparing two scenarios with a reference scenario where the market share was fixed at the current level.
Emissions figures were derived from average electricity and fuel consumption values for grid emission factors and natural gas emission factors using data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
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We obtained net first cost to implement for traditional and smart thermostats from an average of 17 and 18 data points, respectively, from retail websites covering the US, UK and EU. We assumed no installation costs. This gave an average conventional price of US$38 and an average smart thermostat price of US$182. We applied a 13 percent learning rate to the solution based on air conditioner data. For operating costs, we used the electricity costs for cooling and fuel costs for heating homes using data for the US, EU and China.
We integrate the smart thermostat solution with others in the building sector by first prioritizing all solutions according to the point of impact on building energy consumption. This meant that building envelope solutions such as insulation came first, building systems such as building automation systems came second, and building applications such as high-efficiency heat pumps came last. We calculated the impact on building energy demand for the highest priority solutions and reduced input values for smart thermostats for energy-based thermostats to represent the impact of solutions for higher building envelopes.
Although we use the term “priority”, we do not mean that any solution is more important than any other. Rather, we mean that in order to evaluate the overall impact of all building solutions, we simply apply the impact of some solutions before others and use the production energy demand after the application of a solution with a higher priority as the energy demand input to a lower priority one. solution.
Scenario 1 avoids 6.91 gigatons of CO2-equivalent greenhouse gases. The net first cost of implementation would be $162.48 billion, but it would save $1.78 trillion in lifetime operating costs due to reduced energy use for heating and cooling.
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Scenario 2 avoids 7.25 gigatonnes of CO2-equivalent emissions and provides $2.02 trillion in lifetime net operational savings. The net first cost of implementation is $181.41 billion.
Looking at the financial impact alone, it is clear that global adoption of the smart thermostat solution is economically viable and could yield a significant return on investment. The benefits that smart thermostats provide are significant enough that they could well become a replacement technology for mechanical or programmable thermostats. However, widespread adoption will take time.
The high upfront cost of smart thermostats has held back growth to date. Other barriers to adoption include access to the Internet and compatible heating and cooling systems. In many lower-income countries with warm climates, the lack of centrally controlled digital air conditioning systems hinders adoption. However, our data suggests that the financial benefits are similar between heating and cooling, so smart thermostats could grow with increased adoption of new air conditioning systems.
As competitors enter the market, we expect the price of smart thermostats to drop, and as household internet access and the use of centralized heating and cooling systems increase, adoption will accelerate. Growth could be driven by government and utility support and the development of programs that demonstrate the benefits of smart thermostats to consumers. The smart heating market is expected to grow to over 5.9 billion by 2020 across a range of applications, including residential, commercial and industrial. To keep up with this growth, startups and established companies alike need a way to streamline their design process and find a low-cost, versatile, and easy-to-use development solution to take proof of concept to production as quickly as possible. By saving time developing a prototype, developers can spend more time incorporating key differentiating elements into designs that maximize revenue.
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To accelerate the design of IoT devices, has introduced the Rapid IoT Prototyping Kit. It integrates eleven devices (microcontroller, low power connections, sensors, NFC, secure element, power management, interfaces) into a small form factor hardware design and combines it with proven software enablement (drivers, RTOS, middleware, cloud connectivity) and a web IDE with GUI-based programming. See Figure 1 for a complete block diagram.
Rapid IoT provides the easiest way for anyone to take their connected device into proof-of-concept by simplifying the design process. It eliminates the need to write code and integrates all the essential functions an IoT device needs, including the ability to sense, think and act.
Consider the image shown in Figure 2. The image on the right is a conventional power system and controller, and the image on the left is the smart temperature control design using the Rapid IoT kit. The traditional system includes a wall-mounted indoor unit and a control unit to control the room temperature. These systems are bulky and expensive and do not include software, user-friendly interfaces, internet connections and access to cloud storage for data analysis. In contrast, a smart thermostat control design incorporates all of the above and results in a cost-effective, efficient and easy-to-control solution.
To achieve this, the Rapid IoT design incorporates temperature, humidity and air quality sensors. These variables can be controlled locally or remotely via Rapid IoT hardware or smartphones, respectively. Wireless connection is possible via Bluetooth Low Energy or Wi-Fi while the hardware and smartphone interface was easily designed using the Rapid IoT Studio IDE tool without writing a single line of code and instead using a drag and drop programming style . To secure data uploads to the cloud, a secure authentication tool is used that is protected against hacking.
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Figures 3 and 4 show the Rapid IoT studio environment and the design and mechanism of the smart temperature control function. Figures 5 shows the Rapid IoT smartphone interface design and Figure 6 shows the smartphone application that can be used to wirelessly monitor and control the control unit.
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Javier Solorzano is Marketing Manager for Industrial and IoT Markets. He develops solutions in various applications using a wide range of products that make life safer, better and easier. He has published over 20 technical publications, including application videos, blog posts, articles and white papers in major electronics journals.
Danwei Luo, System Engineer for the MICR MPU SE team, and Javier Solorzano, Marketing Manager for Industrial and IoT, exemplify the mission of developing solutions that make life easier, better, and safer using the Rapid IoT Prototyping Kit for rapid ideation proof of concept.
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In close cooperation, Danwei Luo,
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